你需要为你的研究论文撰写英文摘要，掌握学术写作的基本规范。
💬 场景对话
Advisor
Your abstract needs to follow a clear structure. Let me break it down for you.
你的摘要需要遵循清晰的结构。我给你拆解一下。
You
I thought it was just a summary of the paper.
我以为就是论文的总结。
Advisor
It's more than that. A good abstract has five key parts: background, purpose, method, results, and conclusion. Each serves a specific function.
不止如此。好的摘要包含五个关键部分：背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。每个都有特定功能。
You
How long should it be?
应该写多长？
Advisor
Usually 150-300 words. Every word must count. Avoid filler phrases like 'In this paper, we aim to...' — just state what you did and found.
通常150-300词。每个词都要有价值。避免'In this paper, we aim to...'这样的填充语——直接陈述你做了什么和发现了什么。
You
What tense should I use?
应该用什么时态？
Advisor
Present tense for background and conclusions, past tense for methods and results. And always write in the third person or passive voice.
背景和结论用一般现在时，方法和结果用一般过去时。始终用第三人称或被动语态。
📚 核心词汇
abstract /ˈæbstrækt/
摘要
📝 Write a concise abstract.
methodology /ˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi/
方法论
📝 Describe your methodology clearly.
findings /ˈfaɪndɪŋz/
研究发现
📝 Key findings are summarized.
conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/
结论
📝 State your conclusion clearly.
concise /kənˈsaɪs/
简洁的
📝 Be concise and precise.
passive voice /ˈpæsɪv vɔɪs/
被动语态
📝 Use passive voice in methods.
third person /θɜːrd ˈpɜːrsn/
第三人称
📝 Write in the third person.
hypothesis /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/
假设
📝 The hypothesis was supported.
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
显著的
📝 The results were statistically significant.
implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/
启示/影响
📝 Discuss the practical implications.
📝 语法要点
学术写作中的被动语态与简洁表达
摘要五部分与时态
Background (现在时)：Climate change remains a critical challenge.
Purpose (过去时/现在时)：This study investigated...
Method (过去时)：Data were collected from 200 participants.
Results (过去时)：The analysis revealed a significant correlation.
Conclusion (现在时)：The findings suggest that...
被动语态在学术写作中
主动：We collected data from 200 participants.
被动：Data were collected from 200 participants.
学术写作中被动语态更常见——强调研究本身，而非研究者
避免冗余
❌ In order to → ✅ To
❌ Due to the fact that → ✅ Because
❌ It is important to note that → ✅ Notably,
🏋️ 实战练习
练习 1：将主动改为被动：We surveyed 500 college students.
💡 点击查看答案
Five hundred college students were surveyed.
🔑 学术写作优先被动语态
练习 2：简化：In order to examine the effect, we conducted an experiment.
💡 点击查看答案
To examine the effect, an experiment was conducted.
🔑 In order to → To; 主动 → 被动
练习 3：翻译：研究结果表明两组之间存在显著差异。
💡 点击查看答案
The results indicate a significant difference between the two groups.
🔑 indicate + 发现
练习 4：翻译：数据通过问卷调查收集。
💡 点击查看答案
Data were collected through questionnaires.
🔑 被动语态 + were collected
练习 5：写出摘要的方法部分开头（一般过去时、被动语态）。
💡 点击查看答案
A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Data were collected through...
🔑 过去时 + 被动语态
💡 实用小贴士
🔹 学术写作的关键是precision（精确）。每个词都要准确，每句话都要有必要。
🔹 引用文献时，一定要保存完整的引用信息。找第二次很痛苦。
🔄 场景扩展
🔸 摘要要在论文写完后再写。你无法总结还没完成的工作。
🔸 写完后让非同领域的同事读你的摘要。如果他们能看懂，说明你的摘要写得好。
🏆 成就解锁：学术入门！你能写规范的英文论文摘要了。