你需要撰写文献综述，学会搜索、归纳、评价和引用已有研究。
💬 场景对话
Advisor
A literature review is not just summarizing papers. It's organizing a conversation among researchers.
文献综述不是简单罗列论文。它是在组织研究者之间的对话。
You
How do I organize it then?
那怎么组织呢？
Advisor
Find themes and debates. Group papers by argument, not by author. Use reporting verbs to show relationships between studies.
找主题和争论。按论点分组论文，而不是按作者。用引述动词展示研究之间的关系。
You
Reporting verbs?
引述动词？
Advisor
Words like 'argue', 'claim', 'demonstrate', 'contend'. They show whether you're presenting a strong finding or a disputed claim. For example: 'Smith (2020) argues that...' vs 'Smith (2020) suggests that...'
像'argue'、'claim'、'demonstrate'、'contend'这样的词。它们展示你是在呈现一个强有力的发现还是一个有争议的观点。比如：'Smith (2020) argues that...' 和 'Smith (2020) suggests that...'
You
That's really helpful. What about citations?
太有帮助了。引用呢？
Advisor
Always use a consistent citation style — APA, MLA, or Chicago. And remember: every claim needs evidence.
始终使用统一的引用格式——APA、MLA或Chicago。记住：每个论点都需要证据。
📚 核心词汇
literature review /ˈlɪtrətʃər rɪˈvjuː/
文献综述
📝 Write a comprehensive literature review.
theme /θiːm/
主题
📝 Identify key themes in the literature.
debate /dɪˈbeɪt/
争论
📝 There is ongoing debate about this.
reporting verb /rɪˈpɔːrtɪŋ vɜːrb/
引述动词
📝 Use reporting verbs to cite sources.
cite /saɪt/
引用
📝 Cite your sources properly.
citation /saɪˈteɪʃn/
引文
📝 Use APA citation style.
contend /kənˈtend/
主张/争论
📝 Jones (2019) contends that...
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/
证明/展示
📝 The study demonstrates that...
comprehensive /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/
全面的
📝 Provide a comprehensive overview.
synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/
综合
📝 Synthesize the findings across studies.
📝 语法要点
引述动词与学术引用
引述动词的力度等级
强（确凿发现）：demonstrate, establish, confirm, prove
中（一般主张）：argue, propose, suggest, indicate
弱（试探性观点）：speculate, hypothesize, hint, imply
文献综述组织结构
按主题：Several studies have examined X. ...
按时间：Early research focused on X. Recent studies have shifted to Y.
按立场：While some scholars argue X, others contend Y.
APA引用格式
文内：(Smith, 2020) 或 Smith (2020) argues that...
参考文献：Smith, J. (2020). Title. Journal, 10(2), 45-67.
🏋️ 实战练习
练习 1：用引述动词改写：Smith says that the method works.
💡 点击查看答案
Smith (2020) demonstrates that the method is effective.
🔑 demonstrates 比 says 更学术
练习 2：翻译：虽然一些学者认为AI会取代工作，但另一些人认为它会创造新机会。
💡 点击查看答案
While some scholars argue that AI will replace jobs, others contend that it will create new opportunities.
🔑 While some... others... 结构
练习 3：写出APA格式的文内引用
💡 点击查看答案
Zhang 2023 suggests that...
🔑 作者年份
练习 4：翻译：这篇综述综合了30项研究的结果。
💡 点击查看答案
This review synthesizes findings from 30 studies.
🔑 synthesize = 综合/整合
练习 5：判断引述动词力度：argue, prove, speculate 从强到弱排序。
💡 点击查看答案
prove > argue > speculate
🔑 prove最强，speculate最弱
💡 实用小贴士
🔹 写论文时，先写Method和Results，再写Introduction和Discussion。这样更顺畅。
🔹 在课堂上，发言前先在脑海中组织一下。用'Say something once, say it well'的原则。
🔄 场景扩展
🔸 文献综述中，用Mendeley或Zotero管理参考文献。自动生成引用格式，省时省力。
🔸 读文献时做笔记：每篇论文用3句话总结——做了什么、发现了什么、和你的研究有什么关系。
🏆 成就解锁：文献猎人！你能写出结构清晰的文献综述了。