Serverless让开发者只关注代码，无需管理服务器。按调用次数付费，自动弹性伸缩。
平台 │ 运行时 │ 冷启动 │ 免费额度 │ 最大时长 ───────────────┼─────────────────────┼────────┼────────────────┼──────── AWS Lambda │ Node/Python/Java等 │ ~100ms │ 100万调用/月 │ 15min Azure Func │ 同上+C# │ ~200ms │ 100万调用/月 │ 10min 阿里云FC │ Node/Python/Java等 │ ~150ms │ 100万调用/月 │ 10min 腾讯云SCF │ Node/Python/Go等 │ ~150ms │ 100万调用/月 │ 15min Cloudflare Wkr │ JS/Rust/WASM │ ~0ms │ 10万请求/天 │ 30s
cat > handler.py << 'EOF'
import json, boto3
def lambda_handler(event, context):
method = event.get('httpMethod', 'GET')
path = event.get('path', '/')
if method == 'GET' and path == '/health':
return {'statusCode': 200, 'body': json.dumps({'status': 'healthy'})}
if method == 'POST' and path == '/deploy':
body = json.loads(event.get('body', '{}'))
env = body.get('environment', 'staging')
ecs = boto3.client('ecs')
ecs.update_service(cluster=f'myapp-{env}', service='myapp', force_new_deployment=True)
return {'statusCode': 200, 'body': json.dumps({'message': f'Deployed to {env}'})}
return {'statusCode': 404, 'body': json.dumps({'error': 'Not found'})}
EOF
zip function.zip handler.py
aws lambda create-function --function-name devops-deploy-trigger \
--runtime python3.12 --handler handler.lambda_handler \
--role arn:aws:iam::123:role/lambda-exec-role --zip-file fileb://function.zip
# 测试
aws lambda invoke --function-name devops-deploy-trigger \
--payload '{"httpMethod":"GET","path":"/health"}' response.jsonnpm install -g serverless
serverless create --template aws-python --path my-devops-api
cd my-devops-api
cat > serverless.yml << 'EOF'
service: devops-api
frameworkVersion: "3"
provider:
name: aws
runtime: python3.12
region: ap-southeast-1
stage: ${opt:stage, 'dev'}
iamRoleStatements:
- Effect: Allow
Action: [ecs:UpdateService, ecs:DescribeServices]
Resource: "*"
functions:
health:
handler: handler.health
events: [{http: {path: /health, method: get, cors: true}}]
deploy:
handler: handler.deploy
events: [{http: {path: /deploy, method: post, cors: true}}]
backup:
handler: handler.backup
events: [{schedule: cron(0 2 * * ? *)}]
timeout: 300
EOF
serverless deploy --stage prod
serverless infonpm install -g @alicloud/fun
fun init -n devops-deploy python3
cat > template.yml << 'EOF'
ROSTemplateFormatVersion: '2015-09-01'
Transform: 'Aliyun::Serverless-2018-04-03'
Resources:
devops-service:
Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Service'
deploy-function:
Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Function'
Properties:
Handler: index.handler
Runtime: python3.9
CodeUri: ./
Timeout: 60
MemorySize: 256
Events:
http-trigger:
Type: HTTP
Properties: {AuthType: ANONYMOUS, Methods: ['POST']}
EOF
fun deploy -y┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ API GW │ │ 定时触发 │ │ 事件触发 │
│ (HTTP) │ │ (Cron) │ │ (S3/SQS) │
└────┬─────┘ └────┬─────┘ └────┬─────┘
└──────────────┼──────────────┘
▼
┌────────────────┐
│ Lambda/FC │
│ (自动弹性) │
└───────┬────────┘
┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼
┌────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ DynamoDB│ │ S3/OSS │ │ ECS/K8s │
│ (状态) │ │ (存储) │ │ (操作) │
└────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘# Provisioned Concurrency(预置并发)
aws lambda put-provisioned-concurrency-config \
--function-name devops-deploy-trigger \
--provisioned-concurrent-executions 5
# 减小部署包
pip install --target=./package -r requirements.txt
cd package && zip -r ../function.zip . && cd .. && zip -g function.zip handler.py
# 选择轻量运行时(Node/Python > Java)掌握Lambda/FC开发、Serverless Framework、冷启动优化——无服务器是云原生未来
| 场景 | 适合 | 不适合 |
|---|---|---|
| API后端 | ✅ 低延迟请求 | ❌ 长连接WebSocket |
| 数据处理 | ✅ ETL/转换 | ❌ 大数据批处理 |
| 定时任务 | ✅ 轻量cron | ❌ 长时间运行任务 |
| 事件驱动 | ✅ S3上传触发 | ❌ 需要本地状态 |
| Webhook | ✅ GitHub/Slack | ❌ 高QPS实时处理 |
# 本地调试Lambda
npm install -g serverless-offline
serverless offline --port 3000
# 查看Lambda指标
aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics \
--namespace AWS/Lambda \
--metric-name Duration \
--dimensions Name=FunctionName,Value=devops-deploy-trigger \
--start-time $(date -d '1 hour ago' -Is) \
--end-time $(date -Is) --period 60 --statistics Average
# X-Ray分布式追踪
aws lambda update-function-configuration \
--function-name devops-deploy-trigger \
--tracing-config {Mode: Active}
# 查看X-Ray追踪
aws xray get-traces --start-time $(date -d '1 hour ago' +%s)#!/bin/bash
# serverless-cost-estimate.sh
# Lambda定价: $0.0000002/请求 + $0.0000166667/GB-秒
REQUESTS=${1:-1000000} # 月请求数
AVG_DURATION=${2:-200} # 平均执行时间(ms)
MEMORY=${3:-256} # 内存(MB)
# 计算费用
REQUEST_COST=$(echo "$REQUESTS * 0.0000002" | bc)
GB_SECONDS=$(echo "$REQUESTS * $AVG_DURATION / 1000 * $MEMORY / 1024" | bc)
COMPUTE_COST=$(echo "$GB_SECONDS * 0.0000166667" | bc)
TOTAL=$(echo "$REQUEST_COST + $COMPUTE_COST" | bc)
echo "╔════════════════════════════════════════╗"
echo "║ Lambda月度成本估算 ║"
echo "╠════════════════════════════════════════╣"
printf "║ 请求数: %-28s║\n" "$REQUESTS"
printf "║ 平均耗时: %-28s║\n" "${AVG_DURATION}ms"
printf "║ 内存配置: %-28s║\n" "${MEMORY}MB"
printf "║ 请求费用: \$%-27s║\n" "$REQUEST_COST"
printf "║ 计算费用: \$%-27s║\n" "$COMPUTE_COST"
printf "║ 月总费用: \$%-27s║\n" "$TOTAL"
echo "╚════════════════════════════════════════╝"
# 与EC2对比
EC2_MONTHLY=30 # t3.medium月费
echo "对比: t3.medium EC2月费 \$$EC2_MONTHLY"
echo "Lambda更经济的条件: 月请求<$(echo "$EC2_MONTHLY / $TOTAL * $REQUESTS" | bc)"